In Defense of Negativity: Attack Ads in Presidential Campaigns (Studies in Communication, Media, and Public Opinion Series)
Author: John G Geer
Americans tend to see negative campaign ads as just that: negative. Pundits, journalists, voters, and scholars frequently complain that such ads undermine elections and even democratic government itself. But John G. Geer here takes the opposite stance, arguing that when political candidates attack each other, raising doubts about each other’s views and qualifications, voters—and the democratic process—benefit. In Defense of Negativity, Geer’s study of negative advertising in presidential campaigns from 1960 to 2004, asserts that the proliferating attack ads are far more likely than positive ads to focus on salient political issues, rather than politicians’ personal characteristics. Accordingly, the ads enrich the democratic process, providing voters with relevant and substantial information before they head to the polls.
An important and timely contribution to American political discourse, In Defense of Negativity concludes that if we want campaigns to grapple with relevant issues and address real problems, negative ads just might be the solution.
Book review: Stand Your Ground or Healthcare Fraud
Purposeful Speaking
Author: Arthur Koch
Purposeful Speaking
Arthur Koch, Milwaukee Area Technical College
ISBN 10: 0205532314
Purposeful Speaking is a 4-color version of Koch’s popular introduction to public speaking text, known for its intentionally-brief, nuts and bolts approach.
Considered the “best of the brief books” available in the market, Purposeful Speaking has been praised for its simplicity and practical, step-by-step approach to developing and delivering effective speeches. The book continues to offer a clear, concise approach to the speechmaking process, allowing students to concentrate on the preparation, practice and presentation of their speeches without getting bogged down in theoretical discussions.
This version continues to provide a briefer, lower-cost alternative to traditional books, while offering an enhanced full-color design and expanded pedagogy, including all-new chapter reviews, exercises, running glossary and “Working with the Web” boxes.
- Full-color design with all new photographs and figures, including new samples of effective visual aids.
- All new pedagogy, including chapter outlines, boldface key terms, marginal glossary, chapter review summaries, exercises, “Checklist for Success” boxes,and Internet resource boxes.
- New MySpeechKit, found at myspeechkit.com, offers students technology resources to complement every chapter, including study questions, video clips, and activities (access code required).
- New “Working with the Web” boxes in each chapter provide current online web sites and other resources to give students a starting point for finding speech topics and researching and gathering material to develop their speeches.
- New appendices after the Informative and Persuasive speaking chapters provide sample speech topics to facilitate brainstorming about possible subjects.
- Sample speeches and outlines provide useful examples to illustrate the principles discussed in the book.
- Sample Speech Assignments at the end of each chapter encourage students to put the chapter concepts into practice and emphasize effective delivery.
Table of Contents:
Preface
1 Speech Communication
The Communicative Act
Communication Breakdowns
Listening
Getting Started
Projecting Confidence
The Truth about Nervousness
How to Develop Self-Confidence
Visual Imagery for Confidence in Public Speaking
A Script for Using Visual Imagery to Develop Confidence in Speaking
Ethics in Communication
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
2 Audience Analysis
Who Exactly Is My Audience?
What Response Can I Reasonably Expect from My Audience?
Will My Audience Find This Subject Useful?
Will My Audience Find This Subject Interesting?
What Is My Audience’s Knowledge of My Subject?
What Demographic Characteristics Should I Consider About My Audience?
Is My Audience’s Attitude Favorable, Indifferent, or Opposed?
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
3 Determine Your Purpose and Subject
Selecting a Subject
Specific Purpose
The Central Idea
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
4 The Introduction and Conclusion
Objectives of Introductions
Attention Step in Introductions
Types of Conclusions
Sample Full Sentence Outline for a Speech to Instruct
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
5 Gathering Supporting Material
Personal Experience and Knowledge
Clustering
The Library
The Librarian
Electronic Resources
The Internet
Ethics in Using the Internet
The World Wide Web
Telnet
Usenet
Interviewing
Taking Notes
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
6 Supporting Your Ideas
Examples
Explanation
Statistics
Testimony
Comparison and Contrast
Visual Aids
Computer-Generated Visual Aids
Combined Supports
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
7 Speech Assignments
Preparing the Content of Your Speech
Organizing Your Speech
Planning the Body
Outlining Your Speech
Body of Speech
Transitions
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
8 Delivering Your Speech
Impromptu Speeches
Manuscript Speeches
Memorized Speeches
Extemporaneous Speeches
Nonverbal Communication
Effective Word Choice
Vividness
Appropriateness
Extemporaneous Method
Sample Delivery Outline
Using Note Cards
Practicing the Speech
Delivery Pitfalls
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
9 Informing
Demonstration Speeches
Description Speeches
Expository Speeches
Guidelines for Informative Speaking
Sample Speech to Inform
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
Appendix: Sample Informative Speech Topics
10 Persuasion
Persuasion Defined
Deductive Reasoning
Inductive Reasoning
Other Forms of Reasoning
Fallacies
Types of Persuasive Speeches
Sample Speech to Convince
Sample Speech to Reinforce
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Speech Assignments
Appendix: Sample Persuasive Speech Topics
11 Group Communication
The Functions of Discussion
Types of Discussion
Participating in Discussion
Moderating the Discussion
A Pattern for Problem Solving
Chapter Review
Key Terms
Exercises
Glossary
Index
Photo Credits
Text Credits
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